Painless plastic surgery really does not hurt
The principle of "painless surgery" in plastic surgery is based on perfect anesthesia technology. Usually includes 4 kinds: ① local infiltration anesthesia; ② Local block anesthesia: ② local infiltration plus analgesia and sedatives; ④ General anesthesia. The most commonly used in practice is the first type, local infiltration anesthesia, commonly known as "local anesthesia".
The procedure is to inject anesthetic into the tissue of the surgical area. After a few minutes, the area becomes numb, the pain disappears, and the formal surgery begins. These drugs are the "caine" class plus epinephrine, such as lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine, etc. They are compounds chemically similar to cocaine. Cocaine has a lot of side effects, synthetic "caine" is much safer. Adrenaline is a natural hormone in the human body, and one of its functions is to contract the muscles of the blood vessels, so it can reduce intraoperative bleeding and reduce the "loss" of local anesthetics along the blood vessels. However, due to vasoconstriction, blood pressure is temporarily raised, so although it is used at a very low concentration (1:200,000), it should be very cautious in patients with hypertension.
All of the above "caine" have the possibility of allergy, so the greatest risk of cosmetic surgery is derived from anesthetics. The toxic side effects of lidocaine are 1-2 times greater than that of procaine, but the allergic reaction rate is much lower than that of procaine, so there is no need to test sensitization. The amount of anesthetics required for some small and medium-sized surgeries in cosmetic surgery usually can rarely affect the whole body, let alone toxic effects, but even if the amount is small, there is also the possibility of allergic reactions. Therefore, it is not difficult to see why surgeons prefer to apply lidocaine.
The previously discussed principle of painless surgery cannot be understood as painless, especially with local anesthesia. So why not be completely painless? It's not hard to understand.
There are three reasons for this:
First, the local anesthetic should be injected into the local area, although the injection pain is heavy, but it is inevitable. It can be alleviated by thin needle and slow push injection. It can also be alleviated by adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate alkalizing anesthetic solution to reduce the irritation of anesthetic.
Second, the injection of local anesthetics to spread to all areas affected by the operation, to really do not leak, sometimes it is not feasible. Therefore, surgeons are required to inject local anesthetics as evenly as possible, and after injection, they must wait for a certain time before they can operate. Surgery can't be completely painless.
A third reason that is easily overlooked is that the concentration of local infiltrating anesthetics does not block the thicker nerve bundle trunk. The conventional concentration of local anesthetic lidocaine is 0.25%-0.5%, and even can be as low as 0.025%-0.05% in the newly developed swelling technique; The average concentration of lidocaine was 1.0%. Low anesthetic concentration does not affect the thicker trunk of sensory nerve tract. So, when the surgery gets to this point, there's going to be some level of pain. This is the case in some areas. Such as the supraorbital nerve during a forehead wrinkle; The great auricular nerve during the lower neck wrinkle; The perforating branch of intercostal nerve was thicker during breast augmentation. Sural nerve during liposuction of the leg; Cutaneous branches of the upper arm during liposuction, etc. Surgeons know that when these situations occur, either to avoid "encounter", or with the corresponding nerve block anesthesia, you can achieve peace and painless.
The relative condition of the recipient is also an important factor in the pain during surgery. For example, people's sensitivity to pain, people's sensitivity to anesthetic drugs, there are great individual differences: the same pain, some people can be calmly, while others can not bear the pain.
All in all, aesthetic surgeons and beauty seekers should treat the issue of painless objectively and correctly, and avoid two tendencies, one, from the doctor, for some purpose, intentionally advertise that aesthetic surgery is "absolutely painless"; The second comes from the beauty seeker, regardless of the objective explanation of the doctor, just require the operation to be "painless", both of which are not scientific attitudes.
